United Way of Payne County 2024 Community Status Report

The United Way of Payne County 2024 Community Status Report aims to help create informed citizens and stakeholders in Payne County based on objective data about the current state of the county.

COMMUNITY STATUS REPORT PUBLICATION YEAR 2024 VOLUME 2

FOR OVER SEVENTY YEARS, UNITED WAY OF PAYNE COUNTY HAS BROUGHT TOGETHER INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS TO IMPROVE THE LIVES OF PEOPLE IN PAYNE COUNTY. WITH A VISION TO CREATE COMMUNITIES WHERE INDIVIDUALS THRIVE AND NEIGHBORS CARE, UNITED WAY OF PAYNE COUNTY IS A “COLLECTIVE IMPACT” ORGANIZATION. BY FOCUSING ON EXTENSIVE COLLABORATION WITH LOCAL NONPROFITS, BUSINESSES, ELECTED OFFICIALS AND COMMUNITY LEADERS TO COLLABORATE AND IMPLEMENT SOLUTIONS TO SOME OF OUR COMMUNITY’S MOST PERVASIVE CHALLENGES. A KEY PART OF THIS WORK IS THE PUBLICATION OF THIS COMMUNITY STATUS REPORT. This is the second year that the United Way of Payne County has partnered with the Spears School of Business at Oklahoma State University on this report. This report aims to help create informed citizens and stakeholders in Payne County based on objective data about the current state of the county. This report provides information on county demographics, education, safety, health, economics and other topics that bring awareness to the many needs of those living in eight cities and towns in Payne County. By identifying and understanding these underlying issues, we can begin to work toward building stronger communities for all. Data is based on the most recent year of information publicly available at the time of collection. United Way of Payne County is at the forefront of driving lasting change and community collaboration. This work only continues to grow thanks to the efforts of its partner agencies, community partners, engaged donors and other stakeholders. With your support, we will continue our mission of uniting resources to improve the lives of individuals in Payne County.

OUR FOCUS AREAS United Way across Oklahoma fights for the health, education, and financial stability of every person in every community. United Way of Payne County does this by investing donated dollars and volunteer time in 23 nonprofit partner agencies and projects that focus on these areas:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

04 06 08 11 12 01 02 03 15 16 18 19 22 23 24 26 28 29 30 30 25 33 36 31

COUNTY DEMOGRAPHICS

EMPLOYMENT

POVERTY AND ECONOMIC MOBILITY

WHAT DOES IT COST TO LIVE IN PAYNE COUNTY

White (Non-Hispanic)

HOUSING

HOMELESSNESS FOOD INSECURITY

CHILDCARE

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

POST-SECONDARY OPPORTUNITIES K-12 EDUCATION HEALTH ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE MENTAL HEALTH CRIME AND SAFETY CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE WHAT DOES THIS TELL US? HOW YOU CAN HELP UNITED WAY’S COMMITMENT RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION TEAM

PARTNER AGENCIES

SOURCES APPENDIX

COUNTY DEMOGRAPHICS Payne County is the eighth largest county in the state of Oklahoma. As of the July 2023 census, the reported population was 83,352 . Payne County has seen a growth of 2% since the 2020 census. Net in-migration was a key contributor to the increase in population from 2020-2023 with the addition of 974 individuals from international migration and 620 individuals from domestic migration. PAYNE COUNTY RACIAL DIVERSITY The largest ethnic groups in Payne County are White (Non-Hispanics) 79.5 (%) Two+ Races (6.1%), Asian (4.4%), Black or African American (4.3%), and American Indian & Alaska Native (5.6%). Women make up 48.7%.

White (Non-Hispanic)

Multiracial (Non-Hispanic)

Asian (Non- Hispanic)

79.5%

6.1%

4.4%

Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) American Native or Alaskan Native (Non-Hispanic) 4.3% 5.6%

Fig. 1, Source: U.S. Census Bureau

AGE AND GENDER IN PAYNE COUNTY

The 20-24 age group is the largest category in Payne County at 20%, which isn’t surprising due to the public state university presence. However it is important to note that nearly 80% of the population falls outside of the age-range of a traditional college student demonstrating the age diversity of Payne County.

Male

Female

85+ 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 Under 5

5000

10000

15000

20000

Fig. 2, Source: U.S. Census Bureau

According to the FRED Economic Data in 2023, Payne County had an average unemployment rate of 3%. The civilian labor force in Payne County grew from 39,340 in 2022 to 40,757 in 2023. EMPLOYMENT

Labor Force

Employment

Unemployment

Unemployment Rate

40,757

39,533

1,224

3.0%

Fig. 3, Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (employed persons); U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (unemployment rate)

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates the labor participation rate of Payne County at 56.8% which is lower than the state average of 60.5%, but this is based on 2018-2022 data. As of March 2024, Oklahoma’s labor force participation rate increased to 63.4% and Payne County likely followed a similar trend, however county-level data for this time period was not available at the time of this report. The employed population appears to be growing at a rate (3.4 %) higher than the overall population growth rate (0.8%) from 2022- 2023 according to the Federal Reserve Economic Data. While these may be indicators of a thriving workforce, there are still many in the area who struggle despite being employed.

The top employment sectors in Payne County are Educational Services (9,324), Health care and social assistance (4,093), Accommodation and food services (4,075), Retail Trade (3,752) and Manufacturing (2,351).

Top Employment Sectors

9,324

Educational Services

4,093

Healthcare & Social Assistance

4,075

Accommodation & Food Service

3,752

Retail Trade

3,752

Manufacturing

2,351

2,351 0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Fig. 4, Source: Greater Oklahoma City

POVERTY AND ECONOMIC MOBILITY Economic mobility describes how someone’s economic well-being changes over time. It can refer to changes in economic outcomes for groups of people or generations over time. “Poverty is measured in the United States by comparing a person’s or family’s income to a set poverty threshold or minimum income needed to cover basic needs. People whose income falls under their threshold are considered poor.” - (IRP-Univ. Wisconsin) The U.S. Census Bureau determines poverty status using an official poverty measure (OPM) that compares pre-tax cash income against a threshold three times the cost of a minimum food diet in 1963 and adjusted for family size. The OPM uses calculations of these three elements — income, threshold and family — to estimate what percentage of the population is poor. This measure has been adjusted slightly using the consumer price index to account for inflation, but remains relatively unchanged. The official poverty estimates are drawn from the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC), conducted in February, March and April with a sample of approximately 100,000 addresses per year. More information on poverty measures used can be found here. Most often, economic mobility looks at how someone’s income changes over their lifetime. When someone’s income improves over his or her life, that person is considered upwardly mobile. This means the person’s economic situation improves during his or her life. By contrast, when someone’s income stays flat or decreases over his or her life, that person is considered downwardly mobile. Economic mobility is often more useful when scaled to summarize the overall opportunity in a neighborhood, city or state. As a county, we strive to increase the economic mobility of our citizens. United Way Partners are organizations that help individuals overcome barriers to upward economic mobility. We can measure the economic mobility of our county by monitoring the statistics in this report over time. Signs of a community with increased economic mobility are demonstrated through a combination of metrics including educational attainment, reduced poverty levels, lower unemployment and higher quality jobs, affordable housing and childcare, etc. Median Household Income

According to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2022, 20.2% of the population in Payne County live in poverty. It is estimated that 18.2% of children under the age of 18 are living in poverty.

Payne County

Oklahoma

poverty

20.2

15.7

Median Household Income

$45,684

$59,673

The living wage shown is the hourly rate that an individual in a household must earn to support themselves and/or their family, working full-time, or 2080 hours per year, according to the Living Wage Calculator. WHAT DOES IT COST TO LIVE IN PAYNE COUNTY? Key: green = increase from 2023, red = decrease from 2023 1 ADULT 2 ADULTS (1 WORKING) 2 ADULTS (2 WORKING)

0 Children 1 Child 2 Children 3 Children 0 Children 1 Child 2 Children 3 Children 0 Children 1 Child 2 Children 3 Children

Hourly Living Wage Hourly Poverty Wage Hourly Min. Wage

$40.85

$18.10 $23.04

$26.40

$18.40

$31.96

$53.10

$25.77 $30.55 $34.79 $37.52 $12.89

$15

$7.24

$9.83

$12.41 $15 $17.59 $4.91 $6.21

$7.50 $8.79

$9.83

$12.41

$7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25 $7.25

$7.25

1 ADULT

2 ADULTS (1 WORKING)

2 ADULTS (2 WORKING)

0 Children 1 Child 2 Children 3 Children 0 Children 1 Child 2 Children 3 Children 0 Children 1 Child 2 Children 3 Children

$4,044

$5,962 $8,942 $11,886 $7,415 $9,230 $11,887 $14,493 $7,415 $9,230 $11,887 $14,493

Food

$9,911 $19,822 $26,495

Childcare

$2,651

$7,677 $7,563 $8,035 $6,029 $7,563 $8,035 $7,622 $6,029 $7,563 $8,035 $7,622

Medical

$8,974 $11,773 $11,773 $16,585 $9,686 $11,773 $11,773 $16,585 $9,686 $11,773 $11,773 $16,585

Housing

$9,521 $11,019

$15,971 $11,019 $13,880 $15,971 $15,952 $11,019 $13,880 $15,971 $15,952

$13,880

Transportation

$2,165 $3,810 $4,795 $5,553 $3,810 $4,795 $5,553 $5,191 $3,810 $4,795 $5,553 $5,191

Civic

Internet & Mobile

$1,444

$2,023

$2,023 $2,023

$3,903 $6,966 $7,407 $10,238 $6,966 $7,407 $10,238 $9,841 $6,966 $7,407 $10,238 $9,841

Other

Required annual income after taxes Annual Taxes Required annual income before taxes

$32,702 $58,561 $75,625 $96,207

$46,948

$98,203 $85,300 $66,581

$46,948 $56,670 $65,479 $71,708

$5,580 $7,908 $9,339 $14,248 $6,660 $6,875 $6,892 $6,328 $6,660 $8,699 $10,538 $11,603

$38,282 $66,468 $84,964 $110,454 $53,608 $63,546 $72,370 $78,036 $53,608 $75,279 $95,838 $109,806

Note: Civic is defined as entertainment including fees and admissions; audio and visual equipment and services; pets; toys, hobbies, and playground equipment; entertainment; other supplies, equip., and services; reading and education. Fig. 5, Source: Living Wage Calculator

Through United Way, communities tackle tough challenges and work with private, public, and nonprofit partners to boost education, economic mobility and health resources. 04

While Oklahoma has the third-lowest cost of living in the United States, behind only Kansas and Mississippi, according to MERIC’s 2022 Cost of Living Index, wages in Oklahoma are also often lower in the state. When comparing the 15 most concentrated job occupations in Payne County, many have annual salary averages below the required annual income before taxes. Of the 15 occupations listed, 12 do not meet any of the living wage requirements to support a household with even one child.

Most Concentrated Occupations in Payne County

Key: red = below the living wage requirements

Hourly Average

Annual Salary Average

Total Employed

Occupation Groups

11,970

$18.09

$37,620

Office and Administrative Support

Food Preparation and Serving Related

9,850

$11.73

$24,390

8,670

$16.61

$34,540

Sales and Related

8,070

$24.23

$50,400

Educational Instruction and Library

8,030

$18.50

$38,490

Transportation and Material Moving

7,770

$21.60

$44,930

Production

6,120

$23.84

$49,590

Construction and Extraction

5,010

$44.43

$92,420

Management

Installation, Maintenance and Repair Healthcare Practitioners and Technical

$23.63

4,870

$49,150

4,520

$36.09

$75,070

3,880

$32.29

$67,170

Business and Financial Operations

3,130

$11.49

$23,900

Cashiers

Building and Ground Cleaning and Maintenance

3,000

$13.10

$27,250

2,430

$14.56

$30,280

HH ee aa l l tt hh cc aa rr ee SS uu pp pp oo rr tt

2,400

$14.24

$29,630

Retail Salespersons

Fig. 6, Source: MERIC’s 2022 Cost of Living Index

HOUSING Access to affordable housing is key to reducing barriers to workforce participation and increasing economic mobility. According to the National Low Income Housing Coalition, a person working at $7.25/hour per week would need to work 79 hours per week to afford a modest one-bedroom rental in Oklahoma.

Cost of Housing The wage needed for a three-bedroom in Payne County is $24 per hour or $49,920 annually . On average, the cost to rent a three-bedroom in Payne County is $1,248 per month.

Source: National Low Income Housing Coalition

Household Size Distribution

1 person

2 people

3 people

4 people

Household Size Distribution According to the U.S. Census in 2022, the average household size in Payne County was two people.

5 people

6 or 7 people

5 people 4.3%

4 people 10.4%

1 person 34.6%

Rent or Own?

Data from the National Low Income Housing Coalition’s 2023 report shows that 47% of households in Payne County are renters compared to the state rate of 34%. Since a college town is located in Payne County, it isn’t necessarily surprising to see a high rate of renters.

3 people 14.4%

Fair market rent and annual income needed in Payne County are comparable to state averages. However, the housing wage required to afford a two-bedroom apartment in Payne is $17.25, higher than the hourly rate for six of the 15 most concentrated job occupations highlighted earlier.

2 people 34.3%

Fig. 7, Source U.S. Census Bureau

According to the 2023 OKC Point in Time: Snapshot of Homelessness report, Payne County was ranked among the top five most expensive housing counties in Oklahoma along with Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Beckham and Greer Counties.

United Way Partners

Income Spent on Housing Of all households in Payne County, 38.8% pay 30% or more of their household income on housing such as rent or mortgage. Home Ownership In January 2024, Zillow estimated the typical home value in Payne County at $210,115 compared to $198,962 for Oklahoma, and over the past year home values in Payne County increased 3.7%. Compared to January 2018, home values in Payne County increased 43%. In comparison, median household income from 2018 ($47,748) to 2022 ($51,236) only increased 7%.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Housing Costs

Number of Households

Oklahoma

Payne County

1,503,868

31,197 14,745

Total

510,477

Renter Percent Renters

47%

34%

Housing Wage

Oklahoma

Payne County

$13.49 $14.32 $18.00 $23.84 $27.40

$13.42 $14.37 $17.25 $24.00 $27.02

Zero Bedroom

One Bedroom Two Bedroom

Three Bedroom

Four Bedroom

Fair Market Rent

Oklahoma

Payne County

$701 $745

$698 $747 $897

Zero Bedroom

One Bedroom Two Bedroom

$936

$1,248 $1,405

$1,240 $1,425

Three Bedroom

Four Bedroom

Oklahoma

Payne County

Annual Income Needed to Afford

$28,051 $29,790 $37,436 $49,590 $56,996

$27,920 $29,880 $35,880 $49,920 $56,200

Zero Bedroom

One Bedroom Two Bedroom

Three Bedroom

Four Bedroom

Fig. 8, Source: National Low Income Housing Coalition

HOMELESSNESS Homelessness data is difficult to capture and multiple sources were consulted in an attempt to provide accurate information at the county level. One of the challenges experienced in collecting information was varying definitions of the term ‘homeless’. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development’s Annual Homeless Assessment Report defines Point-in-Time (PIT) homelessness as lacking a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence, meaning: An individual or family with a primary nighttime residence that is a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings, including a car, park, abandoned building, bus or train station, airport or camping ground; or An individual or family living in a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designated to provide temporary living arrangements (including congregate shelters, transitional housing, and hotels and motels paid for by charitable organizations or by federal, state, or local government programs for low-income individuals). In 2023, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development estimated PIT homelessness at 4,648, a 24% increase from 2022 (3,754).

OKLAHOMA’S HOMELESS POPULATION GREW

FROM 2022-2023

Individuals Experiencing Homelessness in Oklahoma unsheltered 41

HOMELESSNESS DEFINED

Homeless refers to the total number of individuals experiencing both sheltered and unsheltered homelessness. Sheltered Homelessness refers to people who are staying in emergency shelters, transitional housing programs, or safe havens. Emergency Shelter (ES) is a facility with the primary purpose of providing temporary shelter for people experiencing homelessness. Transitional Housing Programs (TH) provide people experiencing homelessness a place to stay combined with supportive services for up to 24 months (about two years). Safe Havens (SH) are projects that provide private or semi-private temporary shelter and services to people experiencing severe mental illness and are limited to serving no more than 25 people within a facility. Unsheltered Homelessness refers to people whose primary nighttime location is a public or private place not designated for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for people (for example, the streets, vehicles, or parks).

Number of Homeless Individuals in Oklahoma

Emergency Shelter

Transitional Housing Safe Havens Unsheltered

Homeless Sheltered

3,871

2,680

2,077

586

1,191

2018

2,176

2,707

3,944

2019

523

1,237

Change from 2018-2019

+27

+99

-63

-9

+46

+73

3,932

2,688

2,107

555

1,244

2020

Change from 2019-2020

-19

-69

+32

+18

-12

1,775

2,331

2021

363

2,694

556

Change from 2020-2021

-1238

-357

-26

-881

-332

3754

2437

1901

510

1317

2022

Change from 2021-2022

+1060

+106

+126

-46

+26

+954

4648

2743

2258

460

1905

2023

Change from 2022-2023

+894

+306

+357

-50

-1

+588

Fig. 9, Source: Annual Homeless Assessment Report

Regarding homelessness in youth, the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act defines homeless children and youth as individuals who lack a fixed, regular and adequate nighttime residence due to a loss of housing, economic hardship, domestic violence or other hardship. Stillwater Public Schools identified 91 students as homeless in the 2023-2024 school year , 130 students in the 2022-2023 school year and 208 students in the 2021-2022 school year. However, several disclaimers must be given before drawing conclusions or trends from these numbers: In previous years, the McKinney-Vento definition of homeless children and youth included individuals ‘awaiting foster care placement’ and that category is no longer included, leading to changes in homelessness estimates year over year. Difficulty and confidence in identifying homeless children due to lack of reporting and awareness by school officials of students’ home circumstances. School districts are working hard to identify youth in the school system experiencing homelessness, but it is an ongoing effort and challenge. Stillwater Public Schools believes the numbers they provided underestimate the true number of students experiencing homelessness.

Youth Homelessness According to the National Center for Homeless Education, 21,145 children and youth in the state were homeless and enrolled in public school during the 2021-2022 school year. Figure 10 outlines the primary nighttime residence for those students.

HOMELESS

Primary Nighttime Residence

IN OKLAHOMA

Another Family

Hotel/Motel

Shelter/Transitional Housing

Unsheltered

Shelter/Transitional Housing 6.3%

Source: National Center for Homeless Education

Hotel/Motel 5%

United Way Partners

Another Family 82.4%

Fig. 10, Source: National Center for Homeless Education

FOOD INSECURITY The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service defines food security and food insecurity as follows: Food security for a household means all members, at all times, have access to enough food needed to live an active, healthy life. Food security includes at a minimum: The ready availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods. Assured ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways (without resorting to emergency food supplies, scavenging, stealing or other coping strategies). Food insecurity is the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways. However, according to Feeding America, many people who do not meet the definition of food insecurity still seek out resources from the charitable food sector. Some of the causes cited by Feeding America that lead to food insecurity include poverty and unemployment, lack of affordable housing, chronic health conditions, and racism and discrimination. When individuals experience food insecurity it can affect physical and mental health, well-being, and participation in school and work. The chart below outlines 2021 food insecurity statistics in Payne County. Two data points to note are the average meal costs (higher in Payne County compared to the state) and the differences in SNAP benefit eligibility. While 59% of food-insecure individuals in Payne County are eligible for SNAP benefits, 41% of food-insecure individuals are not eligible due to being above the SNAP 130% of the federal poverty line. According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2022 American Community Survey, 14.9% of households in Oklahoma receive SNAP benefits compared to 11% of households in Payne County.

Payne County

Oklahoma

561,640

11,450

Food Insecure Population

United Way Partner

14.1%

14%

Food Insecurity Rate

$3.59

$3.37

Average Meal Cost* Estimated SNAP eligibility among food insecure people

38%

59%

$334,213,000

$7,254,000

Annual budget shortfall**

Fig. 11, Source: Feeding America

*The average weekly dollar amount food-secure individuals report spending on food, as estimated in the Current Population Survey, divided by 21 (assuming three meals a day, seven days a week). This amount has been adjusted to reflect local food prices and relevant taxes. **The total annualized additional dollar amount that food-insecure individuals report needing, on average, to purchase just enough food to meet their food needs. This amount is based on responses in the Current Population Survey and the USDA assumption that individuals in food-insecure households experience food insecurity, on average, seven months out of the year. This amount has been adjusted to reflect local food prices and relevant taxes.

CHILDCARE It is estimated that out of 5,402 children under the age of six in Payne County, 66%, or 3,588, had all parents in the labor force. This number increased to 84% for children between six and seventeen years of age.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

The Center for American Progress estimates that 55% of Oklahomans live in a childcare desert with that number increasing to 57% for Hispanic/Latino families and 68% for rural families. A childcare desert is defined by the Center for American Progress as: Any census tract with more than 50 children under age five that contains either no childcare providers or so few options that there are more than three times as many children as licensed childcare slots. Utilizing the data from the Childcare deserts interactive dashboard, the following census tracts in Payne County are considered to be childcare deserts: Census Tract 110 (west of Stillwater) Census Tracts 102, 109, 101.02 (Stillwater city limits) Census Tract 114 & 113.02 (Cushing) Census Tract 112 (Yale)

Utilizing data from the Department of Oklahoma Human Services, the Figure 12 outlines the changes in childcare facilities and capacity from 2017-2023.

Changes in Childcare Capacity

Centers OKDHS Contract Facilities

Centers OKDHS Contract Capacity

Homes OKDHS Contract Facilities

Total OKDHS Contract Facilities

Total OKDHS Contract Capacity

Total All Facilities

Total All Capacity

Centers All Facilities

Centers All Capacity

Homes All Facilities

Homes All Capacity

2,150 23 1,600 23 1,976

1,520 20

174

2017

1,620 21

2,257 22

2018

1,670

181

25 2,076

Change from 2017-2018

+107

-1

+70

+2 +100

+100 +1

-30

39 1,941 19 1,531 20 1,779

14 1,481 19

162

2019

Change from 2018-2019

-316

-3

-139

-5

-297

-139

-2

-19

-7

-3

1,763 18

1,362 17

1,405 19 1,619

2020

144

Change from 2019-2020

-3

-178

-1

-126

-1

-160

-119

-2

-18

-7

34 1,982 18 1,585 21 1,871

15 1,554 13

111

2021

Change from 2020-2021

-2

+219

+180 +2

+252

192

-4

-33

-12

33 1,983 18 1,593 21 1,879

15 1,562 12

104

2022

Change from 2021-2022

-1

-7

35 2,133 20 1,782 22 2,017

17 1,751 13

116

2023

Change from 2022-2023

+2 +150 +2 +189 +1

+138

+2 +189 +1

+12

Fig. 12, Source: Department of Oklahoma Human Services Statistical Tables - Childcare Licensed Facilities and Capacity,

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) defines affordable child care as the cost equaling 7% or less of annual household income, however, this benchmark was based on older data and the present-day amount is heavily debated and may be higher. The MIT Living Wage Calculator estimates childcare costs for one child at $9,911 in Payne County. Based on the current median household income of $45,684 in Payne County, that would mean childcare costs for just one child are approximately 22% of household income . Utilizing data from the Department of Labor Women’s Bureau, Figure 13 highlights how childcare prices have changed over the past five years in Payne County. For preschool through school-age care prices, see appendix.

Childcare Price Changes

Payne County

All County Average

Infant, center-based price: 2018 Infant, center-based price: 2023*

$9,827

$7,733

$9,102

$11,567

$1,369

$1,740

Change from 2018-2023

Infant, home-based price: 2018 Infant, home-based price: 2023*

$7,399

$5,822

$6,853

$8,709

$1,031

$1,310

Change from 2018-2023

Toddler, center- based price: 2018 Toddler, center- based price: 2023*

$6,500

$8,261

$7,651

$9,724

$1,151

$1,463

Change from 2018-2023

Toddler, home- based price: 2018 Toddler, home- based price: 2023*

$7,185

$5,654

$6,655

$8,458

$1,001

$1,272

Change from 2018-2023

*price estimated

Fig. 13, Source: Department of Labor Women’s Bureau

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2022 American Community Survey, 40.2% of individuals in Payne County have a bachelor’s degree or higher compared to the state average of 28.5% .

Payne County

Oklahoma

bachelor’s degree +

40.2% 28.5%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Educational Attainment Comparisons - County, State and National Levels

Payne County

Education Attainment

Oklahoma

United States

% of the adult population with less than a 9th grade education

372 (0.8%)

94,433 (3.5%)

10,694,112 (4.7%)

% of 18-24 y/o with no high school diploma % of 18-24 y/o with a high school diploma % of 18-24 y/o with a bachelor's degree % of adults over 25 with no high school diploma % of adults over 25 with

811 (3.6%)

55,020 (13.6%)

3,636,420 (11.6%)

11,051,703 (35.4%)

158,001 (39%)

5,441 (24.1%)

2,775 (12.3%)

35,043 (8.6%)

4,193,006 (13.4%)

1,548 (3.4%)

183,435 (6.9%)

13,130,952 (5.7%)

59,908,662 (26.1%)

12,887 (28.5%)

813,545 (30.6%)

a high school diploma % of adults over 25 with bachelor's degree % of adults over 25 with a graduate or professional degree

9,286 (20.6%)

495,467 (18.6%)

20,222,893 (8.8%)

8,848 (19.6%)

263,450 (9.9%)

32,267,301 (14%)

Fig. 14, Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Even with high levels of education attainment among adults in Payne County, there are still literacy gaps that create issues for adults in Oklahoma. Approximately 1 in 5 Oklahoma adults struggle with reading and writing.

K-12 EDUCATION Based on data from the Public School Review for the 2024 school year, there are 26 public schools in Payne County supporting 10,435 students and two private schools supporting 174 students. Of all K-12 students in Payne County, 98% attend a public school compared to the state average of 95%. In 2010, the Annie E. Casey Foundation published a report highlighting the importance of third-grade reading proficiency. This report highlights numerous educational development risks for students who do not achieve third-grade reading proficiency including poor reading levels in high school, more behavioral and social problems, and high school graduation rates. Long-term effects include lower median annual income and overall impact on professional and economic advancement. For the 2021-2022 school year, third-grade reading proficiency in Payne County was 39% compared to 29% at the state level . While a national-level data point was not identified for third-grade reading proficiency, according to The Nation’s Report Card, Oklahoma’s 2022 average for fourth-grade scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress was 208 compared to the national average of 216. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, third-grade reading proficiency was unavailable for the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 school years. Figure 15 shows third-grade reading proficiency percentages over time for Payne County and the state.

Third Grade Reading Proficiency

Payne County

Oklahoma

0 20 40 60 80 100

Fig. 15, Source: KIDS COUNT Data Center/Annie E. Casey Foundation *Data was sourced from the Oklahoma State Department of Education and provided by the Oklahoma Policy Institute. Third grade reading proficiency is defined as ‘the percentage of third grade students scoring at or above the proficient level on the Oklahoma 3rd grade reading state test. The test was called the Oklahoma Core Curriculum Test prior to 2016-2017 school year, and beginning in the 2016-2017 school year it changed to the Oklahoma State Testing Program (OSTP)’. The Oklahoma State Testing Program (OSTP) is a criterion-referenced test (CRT) designed to indicate whether students have achieved the competencies defined by the Oklahoma Academic Standards (OAS). Each student's performance is compared to a preset standard of expected achievement by subject at each grade level. The level of academic rigor that students must meet is established by the State Board of Education. The State Board of Education approved more rigorous standards for the 2016-2017 school year. Direct comparison with prior year data is not valid.

The Public School Review is a free source of detailed public school profiles in the United States. Based on their analysis, Oklahoma was the lowest-ranked state for reading and language arts proficiency. The chart below compares Payne County school districts to state and national levels. “The state with lowest reading/language arts proficiency is Oklahoma, with a 25% average reading/language arts proficiency.” – Public School Review

SCHOOL DISTRICT

Cushing

Stillwater

Yale

Oklahoma

National

Perkins-Tryon

Elementary Average Reading Proficiency Elementary Average Math Proficiency

38%

24%

25%

15-19%

25%

46%

20-24%

38%

30%

22%

27%

34%

Fig. 16, Source: Public School Review

Taking a closer look at reading levels across elementary schools in Payne County, Figure 17 highlights reading/language arts and math proficiency by school.

Reading/Language Arts Proficiency

Math Proficiency 26%

Math Proficiency

School

20-24%

Ripley ES

Cushing Upper ES

Sangre Ridge ES

40% Education Attainment chart 46% Education Attainment chart 19% 21%

Glencoe ES

20-24%

15-19%

Highland Park ES

22%

Richmond ES 15%

Skyline ES

Oak Grove Public

Education Attainment chart 20-24% 40-44%

Westwood ES

57%

50%

Perkins-Tryon Intermediate ES

36%

26%

20-24%

Will Rogers ES Will Rogers ES

25-29%

Richmond ES Richmond ES

Yale ES Yale ES

25-29%

30-34%

65-69%

50-54%

26%

24%

Education Attainment chart 24% 26%

State Proficiency

Fig. 17, Source: Public School Review

United Way Partners

POST-SECONDARY OPPORTUNITIES

According to the State Department of Education, the federal Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires states to include an indicator of school quality or student success. Oklahoma chose Post-secondary Opportunities as one of two indicators to meet this requirement. Post-secondary opportunities allow high school students to explore career paths and build confidence in their post-graduation plans. An excerpt from the Report Card Indicator: Post-secondary Opportunities explains why this indicator is important: “Life beyond high school requires different skills and talents than in the past. By 2025, three of four Oklahoma jobs will require education or training beyond high school. Post-secondary opportunities enable students to participate in coursework and experiences that enhance their likelihood for success after high school.” More information about this indicator can be found at Report Card Indicator: Postsecondary Opportunities. Figure 18 highlights post-secondary opportunities by town. This indicator measures the percentage of students who earn credit in a post-secondary opportunity such as work-based internships, industry certification programs, college prep coursework, and dual/concurrent enrollment. For example, 58% of students in Cushing high school earned post-secondary credit compared to 71% of students at Glencoe high school. Most school districts in Payne County have more students earning post-secondary credit compared to other Oklahoma districts.

Post-Secondary Opportunities

Post-secondary Opportunities

Payne County High Schools

Cushing

58%

Glencoe

71%

Perkins-Tryon

60%

Education Attainment chart 51% 50%

Ripley

Stillwater

Yale

42%

Oklahoma

48%

Fig. 18, Source: Oklahoma School Report Cards

HEALTH

As highlighted throughout this report, many factors influence economic mobility and well-being for both individuals and families. Access to healthcare is no different. Understanding health outcomes for Payne County is important to ensure that community needs are identified and supported. Health outcomes and factors in this section were sourced from County Health Rankings and Roadmaps for Payne County in 2023. Figure 24 provides a breakdown of all health outcomes and factors, and Figures 19- 23 provide a trend analysis for a few key indicators. In 2022, 37% of adults in Payne County were classified as obese , which was in line with state levels but 5% higher than the national average. The number of adults reporting no leisure-time physical activity increased from 20.9% in 2021 to 35.3% in 2022.

Percentage of adult population that reports a body mass index > 30kg/m2

40%

30%

20%

10%

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Fig. 19, Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps

Percentage of adults age 18 and over reporting no leisure-time physical activity

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Fig. 20, Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps

From 2018 to 2022, there were 45 deaths due to unintentional drug overdose in Payne County. Of those 45 reported deaths, the majority were aged 45-52, while 82% had a history of substance use and 18% had a history of mental illness.

Substance abuse admissions by county residents per 1,000 people

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

Fig. 21, Source: The Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services

Based on the data below, this graph shows that approximately 24% of motor vehicle crash deaths in Payne County are alcohol related.

Percentage of driving deaths with alcohol involvement

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Fig. 22, Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps

Percentage of adults reporting binge or heavy drinking

20%

15%

10%

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Fig. 23, Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps

Figure 24 outlines health factors and outcome data from County Health Rankings and Roadmaps for Payne County in 2023. Key: red = performing worse than state average

Quality of Life Factors

Payne County

Oklahoma

U.S.

17%

12%

17%

Poor or Fair Health

3.8 days 5.4 days 7%

3.7 days

3 days

# of Poor Physical Health Days # of Poor Mental Health Days Low Birthweight

5 days

4.4 days

Health Factors

Payne County

Oklahoma

U.S. 16% 32% 7 22% 84% 19% 27% 481

21% 37%

20% 37%

Adult Smoking

Adult Obesity Food Environment Index

5.8

6.7

28% 71% 14% 27%

27% 74% 14% 24% 538

Physical Activity

Access to Exercise Opportunities

Excessive Drinking

Alcohol - Impaired Driving Deaths

536

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Teen Births

Clinical Care

Payne County

Oklahoma

U.S. 10%

19%

18%

Uninsured

2,100:1

1,310:1 1,380:1

1,650:1 1,570:1

Primary Care Physicians Dentist

1,710:1

310:1 3,251

340:1 2,809

240:1 3,247

Mental Health Providers

Preventable Hospital Stays

35% 49%

37% 51%

36% 56%

Mammography Screening

Flu Vaccinations

Fig. 24, Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE

As seen in the previous section, one of the major healthcare accessibility challenges in Payne County is that 19% of the population under 65 are uninsured — almost double the national rate. Regarding patient care, there is one primary care physician for every 2,100 people in Payne County compared to ratios of 1:1,650 at the state level and 1:1,310 at the national level based on data from County Health Rankings.

Hospital Bed Availability Hospital Bed Availability in Payne County is 2.6 beds per 1,000 residents compared to the Oklahoma average of 6.2 beds per 1,000 residents.

PER

Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps

Percentage of population under age 65 without health insurance

25%

20%

15%

10%

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Fig. 25, Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps

United Way Partner

MENTAL HEALTH Access to mental health care and resources is another critical factor that impacts overall well-being and economic mobility. According to U.S. News, 16.5% of adults in Payne County experience frequent mental distress.

Poor Mental Health Based on the Payne County profile on County Health Rankings, adults in Payne County reported 5.4 poor mental health days over a 30-day period compared to 5 days at the state level and 4.4 days at the national level.

OF POOR MENTAL HEALTH

Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps

MENTAL HEALTH PROVIDER

Lack of Care When it comes to mental health care, there is only one mental health provider per 310 people in Payne County compared to a ratio of 1:240 at the state level.

FOR EVERY

PEOPLE

Source: County Health Rankings & Roadmaps

United Way Partners

CRIME AND SAFETY Figure 26 outlines crimes reported year-over-year by the police departments that have jurisdiction in Payne County. This data comes from the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation and accuracy is dependent on those agencies' reported information. There is a chance that some data may be missing if it was not submitted by the reporting agency, so caution should be used when trying to identify trends over time. For a complete breakdown of crimes against persons, property and society in Payne County and each reporting agency, please refer to the appendix.

INDEX CRIMES COMPARISON - PAYNE COUNTY 2018 2019 2020 2021

2022

2023

Murder

Rape

Robbery

Aggravated Assault

135

132

124

126

Burglary

386

378

359

357

354

278

Larceny

552

556

640

624

728

679

Motor Vehicle Theft

637

434

487

505

402

235

Arson

Simple Assault

486

472

471

623

531

573

Intimidation

161

248

140

191

185

389

TOTAL

2,421

2,044

2,270

2,282

2,443

2,783

Fig. 26, Source: Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation

United Way Partners

According to the World Population Review, 40.1% of women and 37.8% of men in Oklahoma have been or are currently victims of domestic violence. Oklahoma has consistently been one of the highest states in the nation for domestic violence and Oklahoma is the second in the nation for women killed by men based on the most recent state rankings list. In 2022, the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigations received 464 reports of domestic abuse incidents comprising 567 victims in Payne County according to the Oklahoma Domestic Violence Fatality Review Board’s 2023 Annual Report. In 2023, Wings of Hope provided services to 1,156 individuals in Payne, Noble, Logan, Lincoln, and Pawnee counties. Individuals served were victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking or other forms of abuse. In addition, Wings of Hope received 1041 calls to their crisis line , housed 71 women and 78 children in their shelter, and assisted with 638 safety plans. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

2 out of 5 women in OK experience intimate partner violence

Fig. 27, Source: World Population Review

FILED IN 2022

Wings of Hope Victimization Types

Source: Oklahoma Domestic Violence Fatality Review Board

Other Abuse 4%

Stalking 10.6%

Sexual Assault 8%

AVG. STAY AT WINGS OF HOPE SHELTER:

Domestic Violence 77.5%

Fig. 28, Source: Wings of Hope

Source: Wings of Hope

United Way Partner

CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT In 2022, there were 1,805 reports received of child abuse and neglect in Payne County. Those reports led to 634 investigations conducted, according to the Oklahoma Department of Human Services. A total of 1,091 children were involved in the investigations, with 285 of those children substantiated to be victims of child abuse or neglect. The number of children reported in those reflects duplicated counts of children included in multiple investigations. Since 2021, these numbers have increased significantly based on data provided by OKDHS.

COMPLETED ABUSE INVESTIGATIONS BY CATEGORY

Sexual

Neglect

Physical

Total

Unique Count of Alleged Victims

7.1%

991

87.5%

260

22.9%

1,132

Count of Allegations

5.7%

1,450

302

77.9%

16.2%

1,859

107

Unique Count of Substantiated Victims Count of Substantiated Allegations

7.1%

257

406

87.7%

13.6%

293

81.8%

10%

480

8.1%

393

Fig. 29, Source: Oklahoma Department of Human Services *Note: Some victims had allegations in more than one Abuse Type Category and may have had multiple allegations of abuse within the same Abuse Type

The Saville Center for Child Advocacy was also consulted for this report. In 2023, the Saville Center saw and assisted 402 children in Payne County. That number reflects the amount of cases and investigations that took place. Of the children included in those investigations, 182 were male and 219 were female with the 0-6 age category having the largest number of cases. For the 402 cases, there were 275 alleged offenders with the relationship to the child highlighted in Figure 31.

Unknown 2.3%

Other Known Person 14%

Age of Child at First Contact with Saville Center

0-6 years

Parent's Boyfriend/Girlfriend 6.7%

7-12 years

Parent 53.8%

Other Relative 15.4%

13-18 years

100

150

200

Stepparent 7.7%

Fig. 30 Source: Saville Center for Child Advocacy

Fig. 31, Source: Saville Center for Child Advocacy

Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 Page 49